Gulestan Of Saadi : Ch 01 The Manner Of Kings ( Story 20-22 )

Persian Language & Literature

“Gulestan”
Saadi Shirazi, Sheikh Mosleh al-Din

CHAPTER I – THE MANNERS OF KINGS

Story 20

I heard that an oppressor ruined the habitations of the subjects to fill the treasury of the sultan, unmindful of the maxim of philosophers, who have said: “Who offends God the most high to gain the heart of a created being, God will use that very being to bring on his destruction in the world.”

Fire burning with wild rue will not
Cause a smoke like that of afflicted hearts.

The prince of all animals is the lion and the meanest of beasts the ass. Nevertheless sages agree that an ass who carries loads is better than a lion who destroys men.

The poor donkey though void of discernment
Is nevertheless esteemed when he carries a burden.
Oxen and asses who carry loads
Are superior to men oppressing mankind.

When the king had obtained information of some of the oppressor’s misdeeds and bad conduct, he had him put on the rack and slain by various tortures.

Thou wilt not obtain the approbation of the sultan
Unless thou seekest the goodwill of his subjects.
If thou desirest God to condone thy transgressions,
Do good to the people whom God has created.

One of the oppressed who passed near him said:

“Not everyone who possesses strength of arm and office
In the sultanate may with impunity plunder the people.
A hard bone may be made to pass down the throat
But it will tear the belly when it sticks in the navel.”

Story 21

It is narrated that an oppressor of the people, a soldier, hit the head of a pious man with a stone and that the dervish, having no means of taking vengeance, preserved the stone till the time arrived when the king became angry with that soldier, and imprisoned him in a well. Then the dervish made his appearance and dropped the stone upon his head. He asked: “Who art thou, and why hast thou hit my head with this stone?” The man replied: “I am the same person whom thou hast struck on the head with this stone on such and such a day.” The soldier continued: “Where hast thou been all this time?” The dervish replied: “I was afraid of thy dignity but now when I beheld thee in the well I made use of the opportunity.”‘

When thou seest an unworthy man in good luck
Intelligent men have chosen submission.
If thou hast not a tearing sharp nail
It will be better not to contend with the wicked.
Who grasps with his fist one who has an arm of steel
Injures only his own powerless wrist.
Wait till inconstant fortune ties his hand.
Then, to please thy friends, pick out his brains.

Story 22

A king was subject to a terrible disease, the mention of which is not sanctioned by custom. The tribe of Yunani physicians agreed that this pain cannot be allayed except by means of the bile of a person endued with certain qualities. Orders having been issued to search for an individual of this kind, the son of a landholder was discovered to possess the qualities mentioned by the doctors. The king summoned the father and mother of the boy whose consent he obtained by giving them immense wealth. The qazi issued a judicial decree that it is permissible to shed the blood of one subject for the safety of the king and the executioner was ready to slay the boy who then looked heavenwards and smiled. The king asked: “What occasion for laughter is there in such a position?” The youth replied: “A son looks to the affection of his father and mother to bring his case before the qazi and to ask justice from the padshah. In the present instance, however, the father and mother have for the trash of this world surrendered my blood, the qazi has issued a decree to kill me, the sultan thinks he will recover his health only through my destruction and I see no other refuge besides God the most high.”

To whom shall I complain against thy hand
If I am to seek justice also from thy hand?

The sultan became troubled at these words, tears rushed to his eyes and he said: “It is better for me to perish than to shed innocent blood.” He kissed the head and eyes of the youth, presented him with boundless wealth and it is said that the king also recovered his health during that week.

I also remember the distich recited
By the elephant-driver on the bank of the Nile:
“If thou knewest the state of the ant under thy foot
It is like thy own condition under the foot of an elephant.”

Saadi Shirazi